So the mystery continues.A last possibility is that Einstein's theory of gravity is not correct. But, if quintessence is the answer, we still don't know what it is like, what it interacts with, or why it exists.

Though … Adam Riess is Thomas J. Barber Professor in Space Studies, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Johns Hopkins University and Distinguished Astronomer, Space Telescope Science Institute.

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Dark energy is an enigmatic phenomenon that acts in opposition to gravity and is responsible for accelerating the expansion of the universe.

This fact would provide a way to decide if the solution to the dark energy problem is a new gravity theory or not: we could observe how galaxies come together in clusters.

So the expansion of the universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating.

Maybe there was some strange kind of energy-fluid that filled space. But something was causing it.Eventually theorists came up with three sorts of explanations. In the 1980s astronomers began to use Type Ia supernovae as standard candles. Third, dark matter is not antimatter, because we do not see the unique gamma rays that are produced when antimatter annihilates with matter. It turns out that Another explanation for dark energy is that it is a new kind of dynamical energy fluid or field, something that fills all of space but something whose effect on the expansion of the universe is the opposite of that of matter and normal energy. Britannica Premium: Serving the evolving needs of knowledge seekers. Learn about dark energy and the cosmological theories of Albert Einstein and Edwin Hubble.A full-sky map produced by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) showing cosmic background radiation, a very uniform glow of microwaves emitted by the infant universe more than 13 billion years ago. Since Type Ia supernovas have the same luminosity, they are used in measuring dark energy and its effects on the expansion of the universe.

There are candidate theories, but none are compelling.

In the early 1990s, one thing was fairly certain about the expansion of the universe. We know this because we would be able to detect baryonic clouds by their absorption of radiation passing through them. Granted, the slowing had not been observed, but, theoretically, the universe had to slow. Some theorists have named this "quintessence," after the fifth element of the Greek philosophers.

Finally, we can rule out large galaxy-sized black holes on the basis of how many gravitational lenses we see.

The bottom images are details of the upper wide views. Theorists still don't know what the correct explanation is, but they have given the solution a name. In the case of There have also been attempts to modify gravity to explain both cosmological and local observations without the need for dark energy. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.A kind of cosmic repulsive force was first hypothesized by Dark energy is detected by its effect on the rate at which the Studying the effect of dark energy on large-scale structure involves measuring subtle distortions in the shapes of galaxies arising from the bending of space by intervening matter, a phenomenon known as “In cosmological theory, dark energy is a general class of components in the stress-energy tensor of the field equations in The simplest and oldest explanation for dark energy is that it is an energy density Another popular theory for dark energy is that it is a Another possible explanation for dark energy is topological defects in the fabric of the universe.

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