The elevation is 200 metres (656 ft). km and 80 percent of Niger is covered by the Sahara. The Federation included Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea (French Guinea), Mali (French Sudan) and Senegal. In 2006, the African Development Fund canceled $193 million in debt for Niger.
It is a charter member of the African Union and the West African Monetary Union and also belongs to the Niger River and Lake Chad Basin Commissions, the Economic Community of West African States, the Nonaligned Movement, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference.For the latest security information, Americans living and traveling abroad should regularly monitor the Department's Bureau of Consular Affairs Internet web site at The Department of State encourages all U.S citizens traveling or residing abroad to register via the Emergency information concerning Americans traveling abroad may be obtained by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll free in the U.S. and Canada or the regular toll line 1-202-501-4444 for callers outside the U.S. and Canada.The National Passport Information Center (NPIC) is the U.S. Department of State's single, centralized public contact center for U.S. passport information.
It is the world's twenty-second largest country. The new second term government of the Fifth Republic took office on December 30, 2004. After the establishment of the Fifth French Republic on December 4, 1958, Niger became an autonomous state within the French Community. This was the first presidential election with a democratically elected incumbent and a test to Niger's young democracy.In the 2004 legislative elections, the National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD), the Democratic and Socialist Convention (CDS), the Rally for Social Democracy (RSD), the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP), the Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP), and the Social Party for Nigerien Democracy (PSDN) coalition, which backed Tandja, won 88 of the 113 seats in the National Assembly.Niger's new constitution was approved in July 1999. In December 2000, Niger qualified for enhanced debt relief under the International Monetary Fund (IMF) program for Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and concluded an agreement with the Fund on a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Niger, in West Africa's Sahara region, is four-fifths the size of Alaska. Niger is betting on increased oil exploration and gold mining to help modernize its economy.But basic rights issues, such as slavery - which was only banned in 2003 and still remains a problem - and a high rate of illiteracy and disease, remain stubborn challenges. Ali Saibou, who released political prisoners, liberalized some of Niger's laws and policies, and promulgated a new constitution. We've got you covered with our map collection.Need a reference? Nigeria and Benin border it to the south, Mali and Burkina Faso to the west, Libya and Algeria to the north, and Chad to the east. While leading a military authority that ran the government (Conseil de Salut National) during a 6-month transition period, Bare enlisted specialists to draft a new constitution for a Fourth Republic announced in May 1996. It belongs to the United Nations and its main specialized agencies and in 1980-81 served on the UN Security Council. It is surrounded by Mali, Algeria, Libya, Chad, Nigeria, Benin, and Burkina Faso. The debate was often contentious and accusatory, but under the leadership of Prof. Andre Salifou, the conference developed consensus on the modalities of a transition government. Members of his government are under investigation for allegedly embezzling funds from the education ministry. Elsewhere the land is semiarid.
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The drought of 1968–1975 devastated the country. In August 2002, serious unrest within the military occurred in Niamey, Diffa, and Nguigmi, but the government was able to restore order within several days.In January 2000, Niger's newly elected government inherited serious financial and economic problems, including a virtually empty treasury, past-due salaries (11 months of arrears) and scholarship payments, increased debt, reduced revenue performance, and lower public investment. The UN reported that 3.6 million citizens were suffering from malnutrition. As a reflection of Niger's increasing population, the unicameral legislature was expanded in 2004 to 113 deputies elected for a 5-year term under a proportional system of representation. France administered its West African colonies through a governor general at Dakar, Senegal, and governors in the individual territories, including Niger. Furthermore, the World Bank announced that approximately $745 million in debt relief for Niger would be phased in over the next 37 years.In addition to strengthening the budgetary process and public finances, the Government of Niger has embarked on an ambitious program to privatize 12 state-owned companies.
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