The violence in Agadez Region continued during this period, prompting the Nigerien government to sign a truce with Tuareg rebels in 1992 which was however ineffective owing to internal dissension within the Tuareg ranks.The governmental paralysis prompted the military to intervene; on 27 January 1996, Col. Presidential campaigns were organised in the months that followed. The chief administrator (Governor) in each department is appointed by the government and functions primarily as the local agent of the central authorities. For the neighboring country, see The Hausa states and other smaller kingdoms (1400s–1800s)First military regime: The Supreme Military Council and Second Republic (1974–1991)Second military regime, Fourth Republic and third military regime (1996–1999)Sixth Republic and fourth military regime (2009–2010)The Hausa states and other smaller kingdoms (1400s–1800s)First military regime: The Supreme Military Council and Second Republic (1974–1991)Second military regime, Fourth Republic and third military regime (1996–1999)Sixth Republic and fourth military regime (2009–2010)Duncan E. Miller and N.J. Van Der Merwe, 'Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa' Journal of African History 35 (1994) 1–36; Minze Stuiver and N.J. Van Der Merwe, 'Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa' Current Anthropology 1968.Lewicki, T. (1994). A presidential election was held on 31 January 2011, but as no clear winner emerged, run-off elections were held on 12 March 2011. The economy of Niger centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits.
The conference was presided over by Prof. As recently as the late 19th century, much of the south center of the nation was unreached by Islam, and the conversion of some rural areas has been only partial. Led by In the 19th century Europeans began to take a greater interest in Africa; several European explorers travelled in the area of modern Niger, such as Several European countries already possessed littoral colonies in Africa, and in the latter half of the century they began to turn their eyes towards the interior of the continent. According to the organization Nigerien culture is marked by variation, evidence of the cultural crossroads which Each of these communities, along with smaller ethnic groups like the pastoral Until the 1990s, government and politics was inordinately dominated by The Guérewol festival is a traditional Wodaabe cultural event that takes place in "La Cure salée" (English: Salt Cure) is a yearly festival of Tuareg and Wodaabe nomads in Niger began developing diverse media in the late 1990s. The constitution of December 1992 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and, again, by referendum, revised to the current version on 18 July 1999. These offices will be replaced in the future by democratically elected councils at each level. Each side has based diplomatic relations upon non-interference in the internal affairs of the other. The typical mammal fauna consists of The southern parts of Niger are naturally dominated savannahs. The country is currently divided into 8 regions, which are subdivided into 36 districts (departments). A notable culture of this late period is the Our knowledge of early Nigerien history is limited by the lack of written sources, though it is known that by at least the 5th century BC the territory of modern Niger had become an area of trans-Saharan trade. This process, known as the 'The Military Territory of Niger was subsequently created within the The French generally adopted a form of indirect rule, allowing existing native structures to continue to exist within the colonial framework of governance providing that they acknowledged French supremacy.For its first 14 years as an independent state Niger was run by a single-party civilian regime under the presidency of Hamani Diori.Despite the restriction in freedom, the country enjoyed improved economic development as Kountché sought to create a 'development society', funded largely by the uranium mines in Saibou significantly curtailed the most repressive aspects of the Kountché era (such as the secret police and media censorship), and set about introducing a process of political reform under the overall direction of a single party (the President Saibou's efforts to control political reforms failed in the face of trade union and student demands to institute a The National Sovereign Conference of 1991 marked a turning point in the post-independence history of Niger and brought about multi-party democracy.
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