As these seas came and went, they deposited and eroded new material that formed the sedimentary rocks that overlay the ancient Precambrian floor across the region. The Niger River is about 4,180 km long and passes through almost every climatic zone in West Africa. Kilimanjaro, lush savannas, tropical rainforests, three enormous deserts (one of which is the largest on earth), and the … To better understand the geography of West Africa and how it drives land use, we briefly examine the geology, topography, hydrography, climate, and vegetation through these broad bioclimatic regions.West Africa is remarkable for its geological variety.
Likewise the mix of crops varies more within Nigeria — from the semiarid north to the wet southern coast — than it does from one end of the West African Sahel in Senegal to the other in Chad. In these areas, rainfall is somewhat higher than in the low plains around them.Several major rivers, including the Niger — West Africa’s longest river — originate in the Guinea Highlands, where rainfall is heavy. In addition to an array of landforms from rift valleys to mountains to deserts, Sub-Saharan Africa contains a wide variety of climate zones and precipitation patterns.
Many separate basins are defined by smaller rivers that drain the land between the Atlantic Ocean and the basins of the Senegal and Niger Rivers. With 52 countries, learning the geography of Africa can be a challenge. It is regarded by most as the longest river in the world. Volcanic outpourings have occurred throughout West Africa’s geologic history, with major activity as recent as the Pliocene (2.5 to 3.6 million years ago), and even more recent activity in the Aïr and Tibesti Mountains.During recent dry periods in the late Quaternary (0.5 to 1 million years ago), intensive weathering of sandstone formations produced much of the present day sand sheets that cover vast areas north of a line running approximately through Kano, Ouagadougou, Bamako and Dakar.
Other major rivers rise from Guinea’s Fouta Djallon, including the Gambia and Senegal. The entire continent of Africa is the second largest in the world! In fact, Africa is over three times larger than the United States of America.
Ghana constructed the Akosombo Dam (completed in 1965) in a gorge where the Volta cuts through the Akwapim–Togo Range, creating the world’s largest artificial lake, Lake Volta.Most of West Africa, from the southern Sahara to the humid coastal countries, has only one rainy season, which lasts from one to six months. Africa has eight major physical regions: the Sahara, the Sahel, the Ethiopian Highlands, the savanna, the Swahili …
The Senegal River drains a major basin — the third largest in West Africa after the Niger Basin and the Lake Chad Basin.
West Africa’s rivers experience great seasonal variations in river flow.
Numerous series of Precambrian rocks of various ages and their eroded surfaces provided a fairly level floor for the advance and retreat of shallow Palaeozoic seas (a major geologic era after the Precambrian, spanning about 289 million years). Africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. The 8 million square kilometers and 17 countries covered by this atlas encompass a wide range of landscapes from alluvial valleys in Senegal and Ghana, sandy plains and low plateaus across the Sahel, and rolling hills of Togo to rugged mountains with summits reaching over 1,500 m in Guinea and 1,800 m in Niger. It is composed of sediments deposited when the ocean covered this part of the African plate (Michel, 1973; Stancioff and others, 1986).For most of West Africa, continental conditions have existed since the Eocene or Oligocene, that is, since the last 23 to 34 million years. The physical and human characteristics of places. It drives the Harmattan, a desiccating, dusty wind that blows rather persistently from the northeast, drying out landscapes all the way to the coast.
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